• The conservation of numerous ET related genes was

  2020-08-04

  

  The conservation of numerous ET-related genes was also observed in several mammalian species examined, including human, pig, and rat. Further, four cardiotoxic peptides highly homologous to ETs, sarafotoxins (S6a-S6d), were isolated from the snake venom of Atractaspis engaddensis. ET-like immunoreac

• Structure similarity searches were conducted using the

  2020-08-04

  

  Structure similarity searches were conducted using the standalone version of the DALI program with the query structures scanned against a local current version of the PDB that has all chains as separate entries (Holm and Sander, 1995). The structural hits for each query were collected, even if the D

• In previous work we showed that ginsenoside Rd serves

  2020-08-04

  

  In previous work, we showed that ginsenoside Rd serves as a 26S proteasome inhibitor (Chang et al., 2008). In this study, we focused on the inhibition mechanism of ginseng on E1-ubiquitin activation for cancer prevention. Here, we report in vitro mechanistic studies that reveal a potential role for

• The UPP broadly involves proteolysis in biochemical

  2020-08-04

  

  The UPP broadly involves proteolysis in biochemical processes and is a potential target for cancer therapy. The UPP degrades unfolding or damaged proteins by an ATP-dependent mechanism (Ciechanover, Elias, Heller, Ferber, & Hershko, 1980). It also plays an important role in NB-598 regulation, DNA d

• br Experimental procedures br Results br Discussion In

  2020-08-04

  

  Experimental procedures Results Discussion In the current experiments, we utilized a mouse that lacks NE to investigate the role of NE in the anticonvulsant effects of VPA. We observed flurothyl-induced seizure behavior following both acute and chronic VPA treatments. Given the purported an

• Of particular interest are findings indicating that an intac

  2020-08-04

  

  Of particular interest are findings indicating that an intact NE system is necessary for the action of multiple anticonvulsant therapies. For example, lesions of the locus coeruleus (LC), the major NE nucleus in the brain, attenuate the effects of multiple anticonvulsant drugs, including carbemazepi

• Mother rats acutely treated with quinpirole and

  2020-08-04

  

  Mother rats acutely treated with quinpirole (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) decreased the pup exploration time but increased the object exploration, so they showed a significantly lower pup preference ratio. They also showed impaired maternal performance in the home cage, consistent with our previous study (Zha

• Alternative NAD P H dehydrogenases do not participate in a

  2020-08-03

  

  Alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases do not participate in a proton electrochemical gradient generation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Their action leads to the gradient dissipation. Thus, they are energy-dissipating systems. Because the proton electrochemical gradient powers transport processes

• CDK inhibitors do not only target the cell

  2020-08-03

  

  CDK inhibitors do not only target the cell proliferation machinery, but they can also inhibit tumor-promoting inflammation. The vast majority of all cancers are caused by somatic mutations and environmental factors such as inflammation 76, 77, 78. Inflammatory conditions occur before a malignant cha

• br Acknowledgments br Casein kinases

  2020-08-03

  

  Acknowledgments Casein kinases (CK) are serine/threonine-specific enzymes and can be divided two subtypes: casein kinase 1 (CK1) and casein kinase 2 (CK2). CK1 contains at least seven isoforms (α, β, γ1, γ2, γ3, δ and ε) expressed in eukaryotic organisms, CK1 is involved in various cellular pro

• There are multiple E ligases

  2020-08-03

  

  There are multiple E3 ligases that can impact the pathobiology of atherosclerosis [38,39]. For example, HECT domain E3 ligases HUWE1 and NEDD4–1 control stability of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG1 and ABCG4, both critical for cholesterol homeostasis [40]. In addition, the E3 ubiquitin li

• The steric wedge model provides a

  2020-08-03

  

  The steric wedge model provides a structural explanation for some RBR E3s. But not all family members have four-residue Zn-loops II. Parkin has a three-residue loop and two other RBRs, including HOIP, have two-residue loops. A notable difference between HHARI and Parkin is that auto-inhibited HHARI

• br Concluding Remarks Recent studies have provided unprecede

  2020-08-03

  

  Concluding Remarks Recent studies have provided unprecedented details of APC/C structure and enzymology, which explain how the activity of this massive E3 ligase is controlled, and how ubiquitylation is achieved to temporally regulate cell division. Although one pervasive question has been why th

• Our experiments show that the N

  2020-08-03

  

  Our experiments show that the N-terminal ubiquitination results in an overall slowing down of Ube2Es toward the E3/substrate rather than affecting their chain-building capacity. The fact that Ube2E1wt activity is not restricted toward mono-ubiquitination is also evident from Fig. 4a, where the full-

• Routine administration of exogenous GC is

  2020-08-03

  

  Routine administration of exogenous GC is pertinent during late gestation, particularly in women who are at risk of delivering a preterm infant, aiming at ensuring proper neonatal outcome and survival (Kamath-Rayne et al., 2012). Unfortunately, despite its beneficial roles in foetal survival, variou

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