• Mammalian cells have two distinct

  2021-05-31

  

  Mammalian K02288 have two distinct DNA repair pathways for DSBs, NHEJ and HR. Our data are consistent with the suggestion that the DNA–PK-mediated NHEJ pathway recognizes DSBs faster than the HR pathway and acts before the activation of the DNA damage S-phase checkpoint. The activation of NHEJ by D

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2021-05-31

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion DNA-PKcs and the Ku heterodimer (Ku70 and Ku80) constitute the DNA-PK complex, which is a serine/threonine kinase. DNA-PK phosphorylates H2AX and other substrates, such as main NHEJ factors (Artemis, XRCC4, and DNA ligase IV) [4]. Therefore, DNA-PK d

• br Experiments and Methods br

  2021-05-31

  

  Experiments and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Here, the interactions between two newly-synthesized carbazole derivative—cationic δ,δ′‑diazacarbazoles and DNA were characterized by several spectroscopic means, including UV–Vis and fluorescence, AFM and fluorescence imaging. The

• Two key enzymes play important roles in the bioconversion of

  2021-05-31

  

  Two key enzymes play important roles in the bioconversion of xylitol from d-arabitol, namely d-arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH) and NADH-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), respectively (Qi et al., 2014). In an earlier study, we developed a high xylitol yield strain by expressing xdh in E. coli BL2

• Collagen compaction and alignment are generated

  2021-05-31

  

  Collagen compaction and alignment are generated by cell-mediated contractile forces (Stopak and Harris, 1982). The transmission of actomyosin forces to collagen has been mainly attributed to integrins and the activation of the Rho-ROCK pathway (Clark et al., 2007, Kural and Billiar, 2013, Provenzano

• Although the crystal structures of Atg C and Atg

  2021-05-31

  

  Although the crystal structures of Atg4C and Atg4D are not available, their three dimensional structures can be acquired by homology modeling, using the structure of Atg4B as a template (Zhang, Li, Ouyang, Liu, & Cheng, 2016). In that model, the catalytic triad is conserved (Cys110/Asp345/His347 for

• Phylogenetic analysis indicates that in poikilothermic

  2021-05-31

  

  Phylogenetic analysis indicates that in poikilothermic vertebrates CXCR3a and CXCR3b have evolved independently from a common gene possibly after the 2nd round whole genome duplication but before the split of bony fish and tetrapods (Fig. 1 and Supplementary file 3). Owing to the extra round of whol

• Our results indicate that C CoA

  2021-05-31

  

  Our results indicate that C75-CoA is formed in the hypothalamus following stereotaxic injection of C75. Inhibition of hypothalamic CPT1 by C75-CoA in vivo, as seen in our experiments, is independent of the putative inhibition by malonyl-CoA, which may be formed after the action of C75 either on FAS

• Goel et al reported study of diacetoxy methylcoumarin

  2021-05-28

  

  Goel et al. reported study of 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin (DAMC) 63 and its thiocoumarin derivative 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylthiocoumarin (DAMTC) for their effect on human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. The study suggested that the 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin (DAMC) 63 downregulates Bcl-x

• br Introduction Mammalian proteases comprise

  2021-05-28

  

  Introduction Mammalian proteases comprise both the peptidases or exopeptidases, which act at the N- or C-terminal positions of polypeptides, and proteinases or endopeptidases, which are capable of cleaving peptide bonds in the central regions of polypeptides. The endopeptidases are classified in

• Central to the mechanism of

  2021-05-28

  

  Central to the mechanism of cold I/R-associated liver injury is the activation of the pro-inflammatory cascade resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In agreement with the present study, serum and hepatic mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-1 were all significantly up-regulated ear

• Ligand independent constitutively active variants have

  2021-05-28

  

  Ligand-independent, constitutively active variants have also been found in receptors with associated tyrosine kinases. In approximately 60% of patients harboring inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas (IHCAs), these adenomas have been caused by small in-frame deletions in the cytokine-binding domain o

• CYP A is involved in

  2021-05-28

  

  CYP3A is involved in the metabolism of approximately 50% of all drugs that are currently prescribed to patients [1], [15], [16]. Marked interindividual variabilitity of the catalytic function for metabolizing CYP3A substrates has been demonstrated with variability exceeding 20-fold [1]. Levonorgestr

• br Materials and methods br Results The monoclonal antibody

  2021-05-28

  

  Materials and methods Results The monoclonal antibody (mAb), 12G5, reacts specifically with the human fusin protein and recognizes the protein on many T-cell lines such as the SUP-T1 Z-YVAD-FMK (Endres et al., 1996). As shown in Fig. 1, AMD3100 at 25 μg/ml completely inhibited the binding of t

• The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin cargo

  2021-05-28

  

  The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin–cargo interactions and the directionality of karyopherin-mediated transport. Like other Ras-family GTPases, Ran cycles between GTP- and GDP-bound states, and the two surface loops in Ran, referred to as the switch I and switch II loops, undergo significant

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