• APPL was the first adaptor

  2023-10-19

  

  APPL1 was the first adaptor protein identified that interacts directly with adiponectin receptors [18]. A two-hybrid study by Dong and colleagues revealed that the C-terminal extracellular domain of AdipoR1 interacts with adiponectin, whereas the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of AdipoR1 interacts wi

• br Conflict of interest br

  2023-10-19

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Mrs. Amparo Pacheco from CMPL, PUC, for her technical and secretarial assistance. This work was supported by the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT 1150344, 1050377, 11150083), and the Direccioń

• The physiological effect of adenosine is now

  2023-10-19

  

  The physiological effect of adenosine is now considered a new direction in halting the progression of organ damage in cardiovascular disease [24], [25], [26]. Adenosine has diverse functions, depending on its interaction with different receptor subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3[24], [25], [26]. Stimula

• The total IgG concentration decreased from a

  2023-10-19

  

  The total IgG concentration decreased from a mean of 997 mg/100 ml before treatment to a mean of 696 after treatment in the MuSK+MG patients, and from a mean of 1736 mg/100 ml to a mean of 802 mg/100 ml in the AChR+MG patients (normal values 723–1685 mg/100 ml). This decrement was also statistically

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2023-10-19

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Recent studies have highlighted Zotarolimus and autophagy as novel targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis [7,14]. In this study, we demonstrated that catalpol protected the rat liver from CCl4-caused injury and fibrogenesis in vivo and in vitro

• The take home message here is that

  2023-10-19

  

  The take-home message here is that, although Aurora A phosphorylated on T288 is the activated isoform of Aurora A, measuring the level of phosphorylation of T288 does not reflect Aurora A kinase activity (Figure 5). What would be the most appropriate readout for an in vivo Aurora A kinase activity

• While the yeasts and see

  2023-10-19

  

  While the yeasts and (see Glossary) each contain only one Aurora homolog, Ipl1p (increase in ploidy 1) and Ark1 (Aurora-related kinase 1), respectively 5, 6, , and Xenopus laevis contain two Aurora kinases: Aurora A and Aurora B [4]. Mammals have three Aurora kinases, A, B, and C (Figure 1). In an

• We showed that activation of the ATM ATR pathway leads

  2023-10-19

  

  We showed that activation of the ATM/ATR pathway leads to over-replication through suppression of CDK1 activity, consistent with previous findings that suppression of CDK1 activity is involved in the polyploidization of megakaryocyte and trophoblast cells [36], [37], [38], [39]. Suppression of CDK1

• The apoptosis promoting Bcl family includes BH

  2023-10-19

  

  The apoptosis-promoting Bcl-2 family includes BH3-only proteins (e.g., Bim, Bid and Bad) and multiple-domain proteins (e.g., Bax and Bak). At the time of apoptosis stimulation (e.g., DNA damage), only the BH3-only protein is activated, directly or indirectly promoting Bax/Bak oligomerization, changi

• Mechanistically it was soon realized that in undead cells

  2023-10-19

  

  Mechanistically, it was soon realized that in undead cells, Dronc promotes the activation of Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling as the major inducer of AiP [25], [28] (Fig. 2B,C). However, it has been unknown for a long time how active Dronc promotes JNK signaling. Recently, it was reported that

• MiR has already been implicated

  2023-10-19

  

  MiR-21 has already been implicated in the protective effects of Res on lung fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms are underexplored. Our results showed a clear increase of activation protein 1 (AP-1) activity after TGF-β treatment, which was suppressed by Res in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting

• Studies have demonstrated that AT

  2023-10-18

  

  Studies have demonstrated that AT2 plays a greater role in modulating arterial pressure in females than in males. Chronic low-dose infusion of Ang II decreased blood pressure in female rats at a dose that had negligible effects in males. Furthermore, AT2 blockade eliminates the depressor response to

• Several ceritinib resistant mutations following the second l

  2023-10-18

  

  Several ceritinib-resistant mutations following the second-line treatment of ALK+-NSCLC have been discovered [64]. These mutations include C1156Y, F1174L, and L1152R, which were first observed in crizotinib-resistant tumor samples. The G1202R ceritinib-resistant mutation occurs within the hinge and

• AR is an enzyme involved in

  2023-10-18

  

  AR is an enzyme involved in conversion of glucose into sorbitol using NADPH as a cofactor [46]. This AR polyol pathway generates sorbitol accumulation and NADPH depletion. NADPH participates in detoxification via glutathione (GSH) reductase pathway [47]. Therefore, reduction of NADPH attenuates remo

• br Introduction Our ability to see our

  2023-10-18

  

  Introduction Our ability to see our surrounding relies directly on the integrity of the anatomical structures composing our eyes. One of these key components is the cornea, consisting of the outer layer of the eye. Its transparency is crucial for light transmission to the retina and allows proper

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